Masu ƙirƙira biyu sun mayar da wani gwaji da bai yi nasara ba zuwa wani samfuri mai farin jini wanda ya kawo sauyi a masana'antar jigilar kaya.
Yayin da matashi Howard Fielding yake riƙe da sabuwar dabarar mahaifinsa a hannunsa, bai san cewa matakin da zai ɗauka na gaba zai sa ya zama ɗan kasuwa ba. A hannunsa yana riƙe da takardar filastik da aka rufe da kumfa cike da iska. Yana yatsar hannunsa yana kallon fim ɗin mai ban dariya, bai iya jure wa jarabar ba: ya fara fitar da kumfa - kamar yadda sauran duniya ke yi tun daga lokacin.
Don haka Fielding, wanda yake da kimanin shekaru 5 a lokacin, ya zama mutum na farko da ya fara yin amfani da kumfa wraps kawai don nishaɗi. Wannan ƙirƙira ta kawo sauyi a masana'antar jigilar kaya, ta kawo zamanin kasuwancin e-commerce, kuma ta kare biliyoyin kayayyaki da ake jigilarwa a duk duniya kowace shekara.
"Ina tuna kallon waɗannan abubuwa kuma tunanina shine in matse su," in ji Fielding. "Na ce ni ne na farko da na buɗe abin rufe fuska, amma na tabbata hakan ba gaskiya ba ne. Manyan da ke cikin gidan mahaifina wataƙila sun yi haka ne don tabbatar da inganci. Amma wataƙila ni ne ɗan fari."
Ya ƙara da dariya, "Abin sha'awa ne a fitar da su. A wancan lokacin kumfa sun fi girma, don haka suna yin hayaniya sosai."
Mahaifin Fielding, Alfred, ya ƙirƙiro kumfa nade-nade tare da abokin kasuwancinsa, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Switzerland, Marc Chavannes. A shekarar 1957, sun yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar fuskar bangon waya mai laushi wanda zai burge sabon "Beat Generation." Sun yi amfani da labule biyu na filastik ta cikin na'urar rufe zafi kuma da farko sun ji takaici da sakamakon: fim mai kumfa a ciki.
Duk da haka, masu ƙirƙira ba su musanta gazawarsu gaba ɗaya ba. Sun sami takardar izinin mallaka ta farko daga cikin da yawa kan hanyoyin aiki da kayan aiki don embossing da laminating, sannan suka fara tunanin amfaninsu: sama da 400 a zahiri. Ɗaya daga cikinsu - rufin greenhouse - an cire shi daga allon zane, amma ya ƙare da nasara kamar fuskar bangon waya mai laushi. An gwada samfurin a cikin gidan kore kuma an gano cewa bai yi tasiri ba.
Domin ci gaba da haɓaka samfurinsu na musamman, kamfanin Bubble Wrap, Fielding da Chavannes, sun kafa kamfanin Sealed Air Corp. a shekarar 1960. Sai a shekara mai zuwa ne suka yanke shawarar amfani da shi a matsayin kayan marufi kuma suka yi nasara. Kwanan nan IBM ta gabatar da 1401 (wanda aka yi la'akari da Model T a masana'antar kwamfuta) kuma tana buƙatar hanyar kare kayan aiki masu rauni yayin jigilar kaya. Kamar yadda suke faɗa, sauran tarihi ne.
"Wannan ita ce amsar IBM ga wata matsala," in ji Chad Stevens, mataimakin shugaban kirkire-kirkire da injiniya na ƙungiyar ayyukan kayayyakin Sealed Air. "Za su iya mayar da kwamfutocin lafiya da aminci. Wannan ya buɗe ƙofa ga ƙarin kasuwanci da yawa don fara amfani da kumfa wrap."
Ƙananan kamfanonin marufi sun rungumi sabuwar fasahar nan take. A gare su, marufin kumfa abin alfahari ne. A da, hanya mafi kyau ta kare kayayyaki yayin jigilar kaya ita ce a naɗe su da jaridu marasa tsari. Yana da datti domin tawada daga tsoffin jaridu galibi tana goge samfurin da mutanen da ke aiki da shi. Bugu da ƙari, ba ya samar da irin wannan kariya sosai.
Yayin da kumfa ke ƙara shahara, Sealed Air ya fara bunƙasa. Samfurin ya bambanta a siffarsa, girma, ƙarfi da kauri don faɗaɗa nau'ikan aikace-aikacensa: manyan da ƙananan kumfa, faffadan zanen gado, manyan birgima da gajeru. A halin yanzu, mutane da yawa suna gano farin cikin buɗe waɗannan aljihunan da ke cike da iska (har ma Stevens ya yarda cewa "maganin rage damuwa").
Duk da haka, kamfanin bai sami riba ba tukuna. TJ Dermot Dunphy ya zama shugaban kamfanin a shekarar 1971. Ya taimaka wajen haɓaka tallace-tallace na kamfanin na shekara-shekara daga dala miliyan 5 a shekararsa ta farko zuwa dala biliyan 3 kafin ya bar kamfanin a shekarar 2000.
"Marc Chavannes mai hangen nesa ne kuma Al Fielding injiniya ne mai ƙwarewa," in ji Dunphy, mai shekaru 86, wanda har yanzu yana aiki kowace rana a kamfanin saka hannun jari da gudanarwa na kansa, Kildare Enterprises. "Amma babu ɗayansu da ya so ya gudanar da kamfanin. Kawai suna son yin aiki a kan ƙirƙirarsu."
Dunphy, wanda ɗan kasuwa ne ta hanyar horarwa, ya taimaka wa Sealed Air wajen daidaita ayyukanta da kuma fadada tushen kayayyakinta. Har ma ya faɗaɗa alamar zuwa masana'antar ninkaya. Murfin wanka mai kumfa ya shahara sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Murfin yana da manyan aljihun iska waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen kama hasken rana da kuma riƙe zafi, don haka ruwan wurin wanka yana ɗumi ba tare da fitar da kumfa ba. Daga ƙarshe kamfanin ya sayar da layin.
Matar Howard Fielding, Barbara Hampton, ƙwararriyar masaniyar bayanai kan haƙƙin mallaka, ta yi saurin nuna yadda haƙƙin mallaka ke ba wa surukinta da abokin zamansa damar yin abin da suke yi. Gabaɗaya, sun sami haƙƙin mallaka guda shida a kan kumfa nadewa, waɗanda galibinsu sun shafi tsarin embossing da laminating filastik, da kuma kayan aikin da ake buƙata. A gaskiya ma, Marc Chavannes ya taɓa samun haƙƙin mallaka guda biyu don fina-finan thermoplastic, amma wataƙila bai yi tunanin kumfa a lokacin ba. "Haƙƙin mallaka yana ba wa mutanen kirkire-kirkire damar samun lada saboda ra'ayoyinsu," in ji Hampton.
A yau, Sealed Air kamfani ne na Fortune 500 wanda ke da tallace-tallace na dala biliyan 4.5 a shekarar 2017, ma'aikata 15,000 kuma yana yi wa abokan ciniki hidima a ƙasashe 122. Kamfanin da aka kafa a New Jersey, ya ƙaura da hedikwatarsa ta duniya zuwa North Carolina a shekarar 2016. Kamfanin yana yin kuma yana sayar da kayayyaki iri-iri, ciki har da Cryovac, wani siririn filastik da ake amfani da shi don shirya abinci da sauran kayayyaki. Sealed Air ma yana ba da marufi mara iska don jigilar kaya mai rahusa ga abokan ciniki.
Stevens ya ce, "Sigar iska ce mai iya hura iska." "Maimakon manyan naɗe-naɗen iska, muna sayar da naɗe-naɗen fim ɗin da aka naɗe da ƙarfi tare da wata dabara da ke ƙara iska idan ana buƙata. Ya fi tasiri."
© 2024 Mujallun Smithsonian Bayanin Sirri Dokar Kukis Sharuɗɗan Amfani Bayanin Talla Sirrinku Saitunan Kukis
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-05-2024